whitehorse الإثنين نوفمبر 02, 2009 8:00 pmGlobal Warming
G
lobal warming is a phenomenon that has been discussed widely nowadays and global warming causes are one of the most studied subjects presently in the world. Through out the world many governments, institutes and universities are trying to find out what are the causes for global warming. As the effects of global warming is becoming more and more evident, many of us have started to realize that steps have to be taken to control Global warming at the earliest and various countries and people have started working towards it. The earth, the 3rd planet of our solar system, the planet brimming with life and beautiful landscape, is on the verge of getting destroyed. The main reason is global warming. Global warming is the slow and steady increase in the temperature of earth and its atmosphere. The increase in the temperature of earth has caused many effects like the melting of ice in Polar Regions, increase in disease occurrences, drastic climatic changes including rainfall and dry periods.
One of the major causes for global warming can be attributed to the activities of man. The man which thinks of himself as the most intelligent thing on earth is knowingly or unknowingly destroying its own habitat. The activities of man has lead to an increase in the so called greenhouse gases which include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxide etc. the gases have created an effect of green house on the earths surface which prevents the reflection of the rays from sun and thus causes the increase in temperature. Carbon dioxide concentration in the air has increased due to the emissions from cars, airplanes, power plants, industries etc. another reason for it is the deforestation. Forests have been cut down paying way for agriculture, industries and cities. The trees were natural regulators of carbon dioxide which used to control its level’s in the atmosphere.
Another is the CFC which is used in refrigerators, in fire extinguisher’s which destroys the natural ozone layer. The ozone layer was a natural barrier which used to prevent the harmful ultra violet rays of the sun. Without this layer, the rays fall on the earth and cause the temperature to increase. Researchers have found an ozone hole in our atmosphere, which they say is the main reason for the melting of glacier’s in the Polar Regions. Earth which mainly consists of developing or underdeveloped countries, which holds a major population needs electricity for the day to day activities. The electricity supply is mainly satisfied by burning fossil fuels. The fossil fuel on burning releases carbon dioxide which causes global warming.
The causes of the global warming have been in work for a long time and slowly it has caused the increase in the temperature. The satisfactory fact is that at least now the governments of various countries and its people have started to understand that they are one of the causes for the global warming. Therefore combined efforts by the different countries have started to control the global warming and thereby prevent our habitat from destruction. Awareness, alternative forms of energy, conservation of energy, and reforestation can help.
These are the major causes of global warming and hopefully by taking measures we can bring this grave situation under control. If people are educated about the global warming causes, they can do what they can to control global warming in their everyday life.
What causes this global warming?
global warming has and will always vary for natural reasons. However, human activities are increasing significantly the concentrations of some gases in the atmosphere, such as greenhouse gases (mainly CO2), which tend to warm the earth surface, and anthropogenic aerosols, which mostly tend to cool it.
Although more research is needed, understanding of global warming processes and computer models have improved, leading the IPCC to draw the following conclusion:
Most of the global warming over the last 50 years is likely to have been due to man-made activities
What global warmings are expected for the future?
To predict the future global warming, several greenhouse gas emission scenarios were developed and fed into computer models.
They project for the next century that, without specific policy changes:
• global mean temperature should increase by between 1.4 and 5.8°C (2.5 to 10°F).
• the Northern Hemisphere cover should decrease further, but the Antarctic ice sheet should increase.
• the sea level should rise by between 9 and 88 cm (3.5" to 35").
• other changes should occur, including an increase in some extreme weather events.
After 2100, human induced global warming effects is projected to persist for many centuries. The sea level should continue rising for thousands of years after the climate has been stabilized. More...
1) The "global average temperature" is not clearly defined. To the extent that it is defined, it depends on temperature differences between 50 years ago and today at specific locations. The problem is that many of these locations were in rural areas 50 years ago, but are in urban areas now, as towns have grown up to encompass the formerly rural area where the thermometer was located. This means that temperatures there are NOW affected by the "Urban Heat Island Effect", but were not affected by it 50 years ago. This biases the differences between temperatures. To get an ACCURATE global average temperature difference, the analysts would have to throw out all the locations that are subject to this effect. To my knowledge, they have not. They have SAID they've accounted for it in their models. But they won't say HOW they accounted for it. They say that the UHI effect is not more than a degree or two, in any event. But we know that's a lie. All we have to do is look at the weather report on our local news, and see the difference between "downtown" and "outside the city" temperatures, and we know that the UHI effect is AT LEAST 5 degrees. FIVE DEGREES DIFFERENCE between rural and urban temperatures. You know how much global average temperatures have SUPPOSEDLY risen over the last 100 years? ONE DEGREE! If just one fifth of all the weather reporting stations are affected by this UHI effect, at an average level of 5 degrees, eliminating them from the analysis would result in ZERO change in global average temperature over the last 100 years. And you can bet that it's a heck of a lot more than one fifth of the stations that are affected by it, because the alarmists' EXCUSE for not throwing them out is that they wouldn't have enough observations to compute an average without those stations.
2) The supposed cause of global warming is man-made carbon dioxide emissions. This completely ignores the the carbon emissions from all the NATURAL sources, which literally DWARFS man's contributoin to carbon dioxide levels. But, is carbon dioxide even the culprit? Geological evidence says no. Yes, temperatures and carbon dioxide levels do appear to move in the same direction. However, the temperature change PRECEEDS the change in carbon dioxide level. If there is any cause-effect relationship at all, it is that temperature increases cause carbon dioxide increases, not the other way around.3) Prior to 1958, no one was directly observing and recording carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Yet, they tell us that carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere 150 years ago were in the 250 parts per million range. How do "they" know this? Well, what they do is the drill down into ICE at the north or south pole, which has been there for centuries, or even millenia, and they pull out "ice core" samples. They are able to date (with some accuracy) every level of depth in that ice core. So they find a level that they believe was first added to the ice 150 years ago. And then they look for AIR BUBBLES trapped in the ice at that depth. When they find these air bubbles, they insert instruments into them to record the levels of the various atmospheric gassess. Supposedly, since the air was trapped there 150 years ago, the levels in that air bubble will exactly match the levels in the atmosphere 150 years ago.
The problem is, they don't. You see, water disolves gasses, specifically carbon dioxide. And the colder it is, the more gas the water can disolved. In fact, solubility of gasses in water increases EXPONENTIALLY as temperature decreases. While this is true for other gasses, it is important to note that, at the freezing point, carbon dioxide is 70 times more soluble than nitrogen and 30 times more soluble than oxygen, the two major components of the atmosphere. For water to freeze, it must first get down to very low temperatures. At those low temperatures, it's dissolving the heck out of carbon dioxide, and thus lowering the carbon dioxide levels in the air immediately above it. This is the air that gets trapped in those air bubbles. And it has a decidedly lower carbon dioxide level than the atmosphere in general, because MOST of the atmosphere is not sitting 1 millimeter above a mass of water that is about to freeze. So, when the air bubble gets trapped in the ice, it most certainly is not at all representative of the atmosphere that existed, on the planet as a whole, at the time the air bubble was trapped. In fact, it shows carbon dioxide levels that are quite a bit lower than would have existed in the atmosphere as a whole at that time.
Moreover, even after the water freezes, it continues to absorb gasses. No, "ice" cannot absorb gasses. However, when we consider a mass of "ice", we think of it as being ice only because, at that temperature, the vast majority of the water in that mass is in a solid state. But not all the water is solid. Some molecules are liquid. And those molecules continue to absorb gasses. And when they are deep inside the mass of ice, the only place they might be exposed to gasses is at the margins of the air bubbles. So the water, even in a mostly solid state, continues to absorb gasses. And it continues to absorbs carbon dioxide much more readily than nitrogen and oxygen. And the levels of carbon dioxide in these air bubbles continues to decrease. Until, some time later, when some "scientist" sticks his gas-meter in the air bubble and says, "there's 250 ppm carbon dioxide in this air bubble". Then he draws the conclusion that there must have been 250 ppm carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 150, 150 thousand, or 150 million years ago, depending on how deep in the ice the air bubble was. But the CO2 level was actually quite a bit higher.
In fact, other "proxies" for atmospheric carbon dioxide levels indicate that, between 10,000 and 150 years ago, CO2levels have been much more erratic than the nearly-constant 250-280 ppm determined by ice core air bubbles. They have been much higher than they are today, according to fossilized leaf stomata density data. And, quite often, temperatures during those times of elevated CO2 levels were quite a bit lower than today. And on the other hand, sometimes CO2levels were much lower than today but temperatures were higher. Of course, sometimes temps and CO2 levels went the same way, but just as often, they went in opposite directions. Which proves that there's no link between CO2 and temperature
.One of the major causes for global warming can be attributed to the activities of man. The man which thinks of himself as the most intelligent thing on earth is knowingly or unknowingly destroying its own habitat. The activities of man has lead to an increase in the so called greenhouse gases which include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxide etc. the gases have created an effect of green house on the earths surface which prevents the reflection of the rays from sun and thus causes the increase in temperature. Carbon dioxide concentration in the air has increased due to the emissions from cars, airplanes, power plants, industries etc. another reason for it is the deforestation. Forests have been cut down paying way for agriculture, industries and cities. The trees were natural regulators of carbon dioxide which used to control its level’s in the atmosphere.
Another is the CFC which is used in refrigerators, in fire extinguisher’s which destroys the natural ozone layer. The ozone layer was a natural barrier which used to prevent the harmful ultra violet rays of the sun. Without this layer, the rays fall on the earth and cause the temperature to increase. Researchers have found an ozone hole in our atmosphere, which they say is the main reason for the melting of glacier’s in the Polar Regions. Earth which mainly consists of developing or underdeveloped countries, which holds a major population needs electricity for the day to day activities. The electricity supply is mainly satisfied by burning fossil fuels. The fossil fuel on burning releases carbon dioxide which causes global warming.
The causes of the global warming have been in work for a long time and slowly it has caused the increase in the temperature. The satisfactory fact is that at least now the governments of various countries and its people have started to understand that they are one of the causes for the global warming. Therefore combined efforts by the different countries have started to control the global warming and thereby prevent our habitat from destruction. Awareness, alternative forms of energy, conservation of energy, and reforestation can help.
These are the major causes of global warming and hopefully by taking measures we can bring this grave situation under control. If people are educated about the global warming causes, they can do what they can to control global warming in their everyday life.
What causes this global warming?
global warming has and will always vary for natural reasons. However, human activities are increasing significantly the concentrations of some gases in the atmosphere, such as greenhouse gases (mainly CO2), which tend to warm the earth surface, and anthropogenic aerosols, which mostly tend to cool it.
Although more research is needed, understanding of global warming processes and computer models have improved, leading the IPCC to draw the following conclusion:
Most of the global warming over the last 50 years is likely to have been due to man-made activities
What global warmings are expected for the future?
To predict the future global warming, several greenhouse gas emission scenarios were developed and fed into computer models.
They project for the next century that, without specific policy changes:
• global mean temperature should increase by between 1.4 and 5.8°C (2.5 to 10°F).
• the Northern Hemisphere cover should decrease further, but the Antarctic ice sheet should increase.
• the sea level should rise by between 9 and 88 cm (3.5" to 35").
• other changes should occur, including an increase in some extreme weather events.
After 2100, human induced global warming effects is projected to persist for many centuries. The sea level should continue rising for thousands of years after the climate has been stabilized. More...
1) The "global average temperature" is not clearly defined. To the extent that it is defined, it depends on temperature differences between 50 years ago and today at specific locations. The problem is that many of these locations were in rural areas 50 years ago, but are in urban areas now, as towns have grown up to encompass the formerly rural area where the thermometer was located. This means that temperatures there are NOW affected by the "Urban Heat Island Effect", but were not affected by it 50 years ago. This biases the differences between temperatures. To get an ACCURATE global average temperature difference, the analysts would have to throw out all the locations that are subject to this effect. To my knowledge, they have not. They have SAID they've accounted for it in their models. But they won't say HOW they accounted for it. They say that the UHI effect is not more than a degree or two, in any event. But we know that's a lie. All we have to do is look at the weather report on our local news, and see the difference between "downtown" and "outside the city" temperatures, and we know that the UHI effect is AT LEAST 5 degrees. FIVE DEGREES DIFFERENCE between rural and urban temperatures. You know how much global average temperatures have SUPPOSEDLY risen over the last 100 years? ONE DEGREE! If just one fifth of all the weather reporting stations are affected by this UHI effect, at an average level of 5 degrees, eliminating them from the analysis would result in ZERO change in global average temperature over the last 100 years. And you can bet that it's a heck of a lot more than one fifth of the stations that are affected by it, because the alarmists' EXCUSE for not throwing them out is that they wouldn't have enough observations to compute an average without those stations.
2) The supposed cause of global warming is man-made carbon dioxide emissions. This completely ignores the the carbon emissions from all the NATURAL sources, which literally DWARFS man's contributoin to carbon dioxide levels. But, is carbon dioxide even the culprit? Geological evidence says no. Yes, temperatures and carbon dioxide levels do appear to move in the same direction. However, the temperature change PRECEEDS the change in carbon dioxide level. If there is any cause-effect relationship at all, it is that temperature increases cause carbon dioxide increases, not the other way around.3) Prior to 1958, no one was directly observing and recording carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Yet, they tell us that carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere 150 years ago were in the 250 parts per million range. How do "they" know this? Well, what they do is the drill down into ICE at the north or south pole, which has been there for centuries, or even millenia, and they pull out "ice core" samples. They are able to date (with some accuracy) every level of depth in that ice core. So they find a level that they believe was first added to the ice 150 years ago. And then they look for AIR BUBBLES trapped in the ice at that depth. When they find these air bubbles, they insert instruments into them to record the levels of the various atmospheric gassess. Supposedly, since the air was trapped there 150 years ago, the levels in that air bubble will exactly match the levels in the atmosphere 150 years ago.
The problem is, they don't. You see, water disolves gasses, specifically carbon dioxide. And the colder it is, the more gas the water can disolved. In fact, solubility of gasses in water increases EXPONENTIALLY as temperature decreases. While this is true for other gasses, it is important to note that, at the freezing point, carbon dioxide is 70 times more soluble than nitrogen and 30 times more soluble than oxygen, the two major components of the atmosphere. For water to freeze, it must first get down to very low temperatures. At those low temperatures, it's dissolving the heck out of carbon dioxide, and thus lowering the carbon dioxide levels in the air immediately above it. This is the air that gets trapped in those air bubbles. And it has a decidedly lower carbon dioxide level than the atmosphere in general, because MOST of the atmosphere is not sitting 1 millimeter above a mass of water that is about to freeze. So, when the air bubble gets trapped in the ice, it most certainly is not at all representative of the atmosphere that existed, on the planet as a whole, at the time the air bubble was trapped. In fact, it shows carbon dioxide levels that are quite a bit lower than would have existed in the atmosphere as a whole at that time.
Moreover, even after the water freezes, it continues to absorb gasses. No, "ice" cannot absorb gasses. However, when we consider a mass of "ice", we think of it as being ice only because, at that temperature, the vast majority of the water in that mass is in a solid state. But not all the water is solid. Some molecules are liquid. And those molecules continue to absorb gasses. And when they are deep inside the mass of ice, the only place they might be exposed to gasses is at the margins of the air bubbles. So the water, even in a mostly solid state, continues to absorb gasses. And it continues to absorbs carbon dioxide much more readily than nitrogen and oxygen. And the levels of carbon dioxide in these air bubbles continues to decrease. Until, some time later, when some "scientist" sticks his gas-meter in the air bubble and says, "there's 250 ppm carbon dioxide in this air bubble". Then he draws the conclusion that there must have been 250 ppm carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 150, 150 thousand, or 150 million years ago, depending on how deep in the ice the air bubble was. But the CO2 level was actually quite a bit higher.
In fact, other "proxies" for atmospheric carbon dioxide levels indicate that, between 10,000 and 150 years ago, CO2levels have been much more erratic than the nearly-constant 250-280 ppm determined by ice core air bubbles. They have been much higher than they are today, according to fossilized leaf stomata density data. And, quite often, temperatures during those times of elevated CO2 levels were quite a bit lower than today. And on the other hand, sometimes CO2levels were much lower than today but temperatures were higher. Of course, sometimes temps and CO2 levels went the same way, but just as often, they went in opposite directions. Which proves that there's no link between CO2 and temperature
Global Warming - Presentation Transcript
o - تاريخ مناخ كوكب الارض
o - اسباب الانحباس الحراري
o - كيفية حدوث هذه المشكلة
o - عواقب الانحباس الحراري
o - كيفية تجنب العواقب
2.
o History of the Earths Climate
o Reasons for this issue
o How it happens
o Consequences
o Prevention Method
3. تاريخ مناخ كوكب الارض
o أرضنا شكلت منذ نحو 4.6 بليون عام ، ف ه ي في الأصل ساخنة جدا - الحياة بدأت منذ نحو 3.8 بليون عام ، و بدأت عملية التمثيل الضوئي منذ نحو 2.5 بليون عام : - فبدأ إنتاج الأوكسجين وإزالة ثاني أكسيد الكربون والميثان ( غازات الدفيئة ) فمرت الأرض ب فترات التبريد والاحترار
4. History of the Earths Climate
o Our Earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago, it was originally very hot
o Life appeared 3.8 billion years ago and so did photosynthesis which began 2.5 billion years ago:
Produced oxygen and removed carbon dioxide and methane (greenhouse gases)
Earth went through periods of cooling and warming
5. اسباب هذه المشكلة
o إلى درجة معينة ، تعمل الأرض ك الدفيئة . تخترق الطاقة الشمس ية الزجاج فت رتفع درجة حرارة الهواء والأشياء داخل الدفيئة . نفس الزجاج و هو الغلاف الجوي يبطئ خ رو ج الحرارة ، مما ا دى إلى درجات حرارة أعلى من خارجها بكثير .
6. Reasons for this issue
o To a certain degree, the Earth acts like a greenhouse. Energy from the Sun crosses the glass of a greenhouse and warms the air and objects within the greenhouse. The same glass slows the heat from escaping, resulting in much higher temperatures within the greenhouse than outside of it.
7. Earths Temperature درجة حرارة الارض The temperature of the Earth is directly related to the energy input from the Sun. Some of the Sun’s energy is reflected by clouds. Others are reflected by ice. The remainder is absorbed by the Earth. درجة حرارة الأرض متصلة مباشرة ب الطاقة المستلمة من الشمس . بعض من ال طاقة الشمس ية تعكسها السحب . وينعكس بعض من الباقي بالجليد . و الباقي تمتصه الارض . Sun Solar Energy الطاقة الشمسية Solar Energy الطاقة الشمسية
8. Earth’s Temperature درجة حرارة الارض If amount of solar energy absorbed by the Earth is equal to the amount radiated back into space, the Earth remains at a constant temperature
وإذا كان ت كمية الطاقة الشمسية التي تستلمها الأرض يساوي الكمية التي ت عود إلى الفضاء ، فستزال الأرض في درجة الحرارة متساوية في جميع الاوقات . الشمس Sun Solar Energy الطاقة الشمسية Radiative Cooling
9. Earth’s Temperature What happens is that the amount of energy reflected is much less than the amount received therefore it heats up. لكن ما يحدث هو ان كمية الطاقة المنعكسة اقل بكثير من الطاقة المستلمة لذا فإن الارض تدفء الشمس حرارة الارض Sun Solar Energy الطاقة الشمسية Radiative Cooling
10.
o Since the developing world is still developing, we must make substantial emissions reductions.
70-80 percent of current levels must be reduced by 2040-2050.
بما ان العالم سيستمر في التقدم صناعياً ، فيجب علينا ان نأخذ في الحسبان تقليل الانبعاثات الغازية من مصانعنا : - يجب ان يخفض 70 الى 80 في المئة من المستوى الحالي للإنبعاثات الغازية .
11. The year 1998 was the warmest on record. The year 2002 was the second warmest. The year 2003 was the third warmest. كان العام 1998 الادفأ على مستوى التاريخ المسجل . اما العام 2002 فقد سجل كثاني ادفأ عام وكان العام 2003 الثالث دفءً على مستوى التاريخ .
12.
o Climate change isn’t likely to affect our generation. We need to make changes for later generations.
اما التغير المناخي، فلن يكون له اي تأثير علينا بل حتماً سيكون له تأثير على الاجيال القادمة لذا فيجب علينا ان نحدث تغير اذا اردنا لأحفادنا حياة امنة
13. Consequences عواقب الانحباس الحراري
14. If all glaciers melted today, the seas would rise about 230 feet. Luckily, that is not going to happen all in one go, but sea levels WILL rise. إذا ذابت كل الأنهار الجليدية اليوم ، فسيرتفع مستوى البحار نحو 230 قدم . لكن لحسن الحظ ، أن هذا لن يحدث دفعة واحدة ! ولكن مستوى سطح البحر سيرتفع تدريجياً .
15. This WILL BE the RESULT! وستكون هذه هي النتيجة
16. سيرتفع مستوى الجفاف و موجات الحر Increased probability and intensity of droughts and heat waves.
17.
Warmer waters and more hurricanes
ماء البحر ستدفء و ستكون احتمالية الاعاصير و العواصف اكبر بكثير
18. و عواقب و نتائج وخيمة اخرى سيعلمها احفادنا عندما يتعرضون لها الا اذا اوقفنا هذه المصيبة الجليلة قبل ان تحدث .
Many other consequences will be discovered by our grandchildren unless we PREVENT this catastrophic disaster from continuing to happen.
19.
o We already have technologies that can help us :
Efficiency;
Renewable Energy;
Coal-gasification;
Reduce Wasted Electricity
.19.
o We already have technologies that can help us :
Efficiency;
Renewable Energy;
Coal-gasification;
Reduce Wasted Electricity
بإمكاننا ان نمنع تطور هذه المشكلة بطرق كثيرة فمنها : كفاءة الاستخدام اعادة استخدام الطاقة المهدرة التقليل من الكهرباء المهدرة تغويز الفحم
Effects of Atmospheric Temperature Rise
•
Higher sea level
Higher temperatures on the earth cause sea water to expand with heat and glaciers to melt, raising the sea level year after year. A 2 increase in earth's average temperature is expected to raise the sea level by about 50 cm (minimum: about 15 cm, maximum: about 95 cm). A higher sea level intensifies erosion on natural beaches, with particularly serious impact on sandy beaches. It is estimated that a sea level rise of 50 cm would result in the disappearance of about 70% of the sandy beaches in Japan. A sea level rise of 1 meter would swallow about 90% of the sandy beaches in Japan and 100% of the sandy beaches in Osaka Prefecture.
As well, a sea level rise of 1 meter would result in a 2.7-fold increase in land below high tide and a 2.1-fold increase in density of inhabitants on the remaining land. Elsewhere in the world, 80% of some parts of the Marshall Islands and 18% of Bangladesh will be inundated. The percentage of land that will submerge may vary from country to country, but on the whole those living on lowlands will lose their homes and become refugees.
• Impact on water resources and natural disasters
Global warming accelerates the normal cycle of rainfall and evaporation, destroying balance of water supply and demand and even possibly expanding worldwide gap in water availability. For example, there would be areas that were frequently flooded on one hand, and areas constantly suffering drought and water shortage on the other. In areas which already have a water shortage problem, the situation will worsen; many other areas will face similar problems.
• Impact on agriculture
Global warming will seriously affect agriculture as well. Some species of agricultural crops will be adversely affected by higher temperatures, increased weeds and harmful insects. It is also possible that global warming will lead to global food shortages. An investigation conducted by Nagoya University and the National Institute for Environmental Studies predicts that rice production will increase slightly in some countries, but that a substantial drop in output of wheat and corn is likely in major production sites such as China and India. It is estimated, for example, that the production of winter wheat will decrease by 55% in India and 15% in China by the year 2100. This will in turn have serious impact on Japan, which depends heavily on other countries for its food supply.
In Japan, the impact of global warming is already being seen in the production of rice, the country's stable food, and wheat. While rice harvests are expected to increase in the Hokkaido and Tohoku regions, wheat production is likely to decrease in all regions. It is also possible that global warming will trigger frequent natural disasters, including accelerated activity of weeds and harmful insects, allowing harmful insects from the tropical and subtropical zones to spread to the temperate zone and damage harvests.
• Impact on human health
Climatic change affects human health in many different ways, most of which are adverse; it is anticipated that climatic change will lead to the loss of many lives. Direct causes of death will include intensified heat waves and diseases. Indirect causes will include expanded geographical sphere of activity of organisms carrying contagious diseases, and their extended period of activity, resulting in an increase in contagious diseases, including malaria, dengue fever and yellow fever. Higher atmospheric temperatures and more frequent flooding are expected to result in higher rates of salmonella poisoning and cholera.
The negative impact of hot summer weather on the elderly is also worrisome. It is reported that the death rate increases, especially among those aged 65 and above, when the daily maximum temperature exceeds 33 .
• Impact on animals and plants
Global warming will cause animals and plants to shift their habitats to northern and mountainous areas. It is anticipated, however, that some will become extinct if they cannot migrate due to topographical obstacles, urbanization or habitat changes much slower than climatic changes. It is predicted, for example, that alpine flora growing near mountain summits will become extinct, and that many beech forests will disappear and be replaced by oak forests, which are widely distributed in warm regions. As a result, not only wild animals that live in or feed on these trees, but also fruit cultivation and forestry will be seriously affected.
Protected zones of flora and fauna demarcated by today's environmental conditions will become inappropriate following climatic changes, and can even accelerate extinction.
• Impact on cities
While winter heating energy consumption will be reduced due to global warming, it will increase for summertime air conditioning. In urban areas, local temperature rise (heat island phenomenon) will increase, due to concentrated energy use, while water use and energy consumption for cooling will also largely increase.
Top 10 Surprising Results of Global Warming
Everybody has heard that global warming will cause stuff like rising temperatures, melting ice caps, rising sea levels, etc.
But, LiveScience has a list of the top 10 surprising results of global warming:
10. Increased suffering from allergies.
9. Animals are moving into the hills.
8. Arctic plant life is blooming.
7. 125 lakes in the Arctic have disappeared - probably the permafrost under them melted.
6. The layer of permanently frozen soil below ground is thawing, causing problems to railroad tracks, roads, and structures.
5. Survival of the fittest - As spring starts earlier, animals who can adjust their biological clocks are more likely to thrive and breed. Meaning animal's genes will adjust to earlier springs.
4. Faster satellites - the build up of CO2 warms the lower atmosphere, but cools down the upper atmosphere, thus causing less drag on satellites.
3. The Alps and other mountains are growing - because the glaciers weighing them down are melting.
2. Ancient ruins are eroding faster.
1. More forest fires.
Ways to Stop Global Warming:
Owing to the overall rise in the temperature, the glaciers in the Antarctic region begin to melt which has increased the overall sea level. If this situation continues, many low lying areas will submerge in the near future. Global warming also increases the occurrences of hurricanes.
There are many easy solutions to reduce global warming and its impact. First of all, people should understand the problem and take measures accordingly to save the world.
• People should reduce the usage of electrical appliances which emits green house gases. For e.g. the refrigerator releases chloro fluro carbon (CFC) and the incandescent light lamp emits 300 pounds of carbon dioxide a year. This can be replaced by a compact fluorescent light bulb which saves much energy.
• Follow RRR-Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. People should not dump waste products in the ground. Plant products, food waste, vegetable dump undergoes anaerobic decomposition i.e. they break down to produce methane, a green house gas instead of oxygen. Hence the product usage and wastage should be reduced or recycled for a healthy atmosphere.
• Trees absorb a large amount of carbon dioxide. Many trees should be planted since they involve in photosynthesis, food preparation with the help of sunlight. During this process, trees absorb carbon dioxide and exhale oxygen. Also, existing forests should be saved and usage of plant byproducts shouldn’t be wasted.
• Usage of green power prevents 300 kg of carbon dioxide to be emitted into the atmosphere. The electricity obtained from the renewable resources like wind and water is called green power. The cost is also low in case of green power.
• Insulation of the ceiling of a house and power saving is the important factor to reduce global warming. The electric appliances should be switched off instead to hold it in stand by mode. This will save more power since stand by mode consumes 40% of the energy.
• People should use only energy efficient appliances. Thermostat should be used for air conditioners since it reduces the temperature automatically.
• Consumption of organic food should be increased because organic soil absorb large amount of carbon dioxide. Buying local food reduces the consumption of fuel. Cows emits large amount of methane due to their vegetarian diet. Hence meat consumption should be reduced. Also tetra packs should be used instead of tinned food.
• Periodic maintenance of the vehicles helps in efficient usage of fuel and reduces release of green house gases. Proper inflation of tyres should be done and fuel wastage should be avoided.
• Teach your neighborhood and friends about the cause and impacts of global warming and methods to reduce it. Conservation of forests also forms a factor to reduce global warming.
Hence, individuals and government should be concerned about the environment and stop the incoming danger due to global warming.
Higher temperatures on the earth cause sea water to expand with heat and glaciers to melt, raising the sea level year after year. A 2 increase in earth's average temperature is expected to raise the sea level by about 50 cm (minimum: about 15 cm, maximum: about 95 cm). A higher sea level intensifies erosion on natural beaches, with particularly serious impact on sandy beaches. It is estimated that a sea level rise of 50 cm would result in the disappearance of about 70% of the sandy beaches in Japan. A sea level rise of 1 meter would swallow about 90% of the sandy beaches in Japan and 100% of the sandy beaches in Osaka Prefecture.
As well, a sea level rise of 1 meter would result in a 2.7-fold increase in land below high tide and a 2.1-fold increase in density of inhabitants on the remaining land. Elsewhere in the world, 80% of some parts of the Marshall Islands and 18% of Bangladesh will be inundated. The percentage of land that will submerge may vary from country to country, but on the whole those living on lowlands will lose their homes and become refugees.
• Impact on water resources and natural disasters
Global warming accelerates the normal cycle of rainfall and evaporation, destroying balance of water supply and demand and even possibly expanding worldwide gap in water availability. For example, there would be areas that were frequently flooded on one hand, and areas constantly suffering drought and water shortage on the other. In areas which already have a water shortage problem, the situation will worsen; many other areas will face similar problems.
• Impact on agriculture
Global warming will seriously affect agriculture as well. Some species of agricultural crops will be adversely affected by higher temperatures, increased weeds and harmful insects. It is also possible that global warming will lead to global food shortages. An investigation conducted by Nagoya University and the National Institute for Environmental Studies predicts that rice production will increase slightly in some countries, but that a substantial drop in output of wheat and corn is likely in major production sites such as China and India. It is estimated, for example, that the production of winter wheat will decrease by 55% in India and 15% in China by the year 2100. This will in turn have serious impact on Japan, which depends heavily on other countries for its food supply.
In Japan, the impact of global warming is already being seen in the production of rice, the country's stable food, and wheat. While rice harvests are expected to increase in the Hokkaido and Tohoku regions, wheat production is likely to decrease in all regions. It is also possible that global warming will trigger frequent natural disasters, including accelerated activity of weeds and harmful insects, allowing harmful insects from the tropical and subtropical zones to spread to the temperate zone and damage harvests.
• Impact on human health
Climatic change affects human health in many different ways, most of which are adverse; it is anticipated that climatic change will lead to the loss of many lives. Direct causes of death will include intensified heat waves and diseases. Indirect causes will include expanded geographical sphere of activity of organisms carrying contagious diseases, and their extended period of activity, resulting in an increase in contagious diseases, including malaria, dengue fever and yellow fever. Higher atmospheric temperatures and more frequent flooding are expected to result in higher rates of salmonella poisoning and cholera.
The negative impact of hot summer weather on the elderly is also worrisome. It is reported that the death rate increases, especially among those aged 65 and above, when the daily maximum temperature exceeds 33 .
• Impact on animals and plants
Global warming will cause animals and plants to shift their habitats to northern and mountainous areas. It is anticipated, however, that some will become extinct if they cannot migrate due to topographical obstacles, urbanization or habitat changes much slower than climatic changes. It is predicted, for example, that alpine flora growing near mountain summits will become extinct, and that many beech forests will disappear and be replaced by oak forests, which are widely distributed in warm regions. As a result, not only wild animals that live in or feed on these trees, but also fruit cultivation and forestry will be seriously affected.
Protected zones of flora and fauna demarcated by today's environmental conditions will become inappropriate following climatic changes, and can even accelerate extinction.
• Impact on cities
While winter heating energy consumption will be reduced due to global warming, it will increase for summertime air conditioning. In urban areas, local temperature rise (heat island phenomenon) will increase, due to concentrated energy use, while water use and energy consumption for cooling will also largely increase.
Top 10 Surprising Results of Global Warming
Everybody has heard that global warming will cause stuff like rising temperatures, melting ice caps, rising sea levels, etc.
But, LiveScience has a list of the top 10 surprising results of global warming:
10. Increased suffering from allergies.
9. Animals are moving into the hills.
8. Arctic plant life is blooming.
7. 125 lakes in the Arctic have disappeared - probably the permafrost under them melted.
6. The layer of permanently frozen soil below ground is thawing, causing problems to railroad tracks, roads, and structures.
5. Survival of the fittest - As spring starts earlier, animals who can adjust their biological clocks are more likely to thrive and breed. Meaning animal's genes will adjust to earlier springs.
4. Faster satellites - the build up of CO2 warms the lower atmosphere, but cools down the upper atmosphere, thus causing less drag on satellites.
3. The Alps and other mountains are growing - because the glaciers weighing them down are melting.
2. Ancient ruins are eroding faster.
1. More forest fires.
Ways to Stop Global Warming:
Owing to the overall rise in the temperature, the glaciers in the Antarctic region begin to melt which has increased the overall sea level. If this situation continues, many low lying areas will submerge in the near future. Global warming also increases the occurrences of hurricanes.
There are many easy solutions to reduce global warming and its impact. First of all, people should understand the problem and take measures accordingly to save the world.
• People should reduce the usage of electrical appliances which emits green house gases. For e.g. the refrigerator releases chloro fluro carbon (CFC) and the incandescent light lamp emits 300 pounds of carbon dioxide a year. This can be replaced by a compact fluorescent light bulb which saves much energy.
• Follow RRR-Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. People should not dump waste products in the ground. Plant products, food waste, vegetable dump undergoes anaerobic decomposition i.e. they break down to produce methane, a green house gas instead of oxygen. Hence the product usage and wastage should be reduced or recycled for a healthy atmosphere.
• Trees absorb a large amount of carbon dioxide. Many trees should be planted since they involve in photosynthesis, food preparation with the help of sunlight. During this process, trees absorb carbon dioxide and exhale oxygen. Also, existing forests should be saved and usage of plant byproducts shouldn’t be wasted.
• Usage of green power prevents 300 kg of carbon dioxide to be emitted into the atmosphere. The electricity obtained from the renewable resources like wind and water is called green power. The cost is also low in case of green power.
• Insulation of the ceiling of a house and power saving is the important factor to reduce global warming. The electric appliances should be switched off instead to hold it in stand by mode. This will save more power since stand by mode consumes 40% of the energy.
• People should use only energy efficient appliances. Thermostat should be used for air conditioners since it reduces the temperature automatically.
• Consumption of organic food should be increased because organic soil absorb large amount of carbon dioxide. Buying local food reduces the consumption of fuel. Cows emits large amount of methane due to their vegetarian diet. Hence meat consumption should be reduced. Also tetra packs should be used instead of tinned food.
• Periodic maintenance of the vehicles helps in efficient usage of fuel and reduces release of green house gases. Proper inflation of tyres should be done and fuel wastage should be avoided.
• Teach your neighborhood and friends about the cause and impacts of global warming and methods to reduce it. Conservation of forests also forms a factor to reduce global warming.
Hence, individuals and government should be concerned about the environment and stop the incoming danger due to global warming.
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